Ethernet is a widely used technology for connecting computers and other devices in a local area network (LAN). It is a type of wired networking protocol that uses cables to transmit data between devices.
Ethernet was first developed in the 1970s by Xerox Corporation and later standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The IEEE 802.3 standard defines Ethernet and its various specifications.
Ethernet uses a physical layer technology called CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) to avoid data collisions when multiple devices are trying to transmit data at the same time. This means that before a device transmits data, it listens to the network to see if any other devices are currently transmitting data. If the network is clear, the device can begin transmitting. If two devices try to transmit data at the same time and a collision occurs, both devices will stop transmitting and try again later.
Ethernet cables typically use twisted pair wiring with RJ45 connectors. The most common Ethernet specification is 1000BASE-T, which supports data transfer rates of up to 1 gigabit per second (Gbps) over distances of up to 100 meters.
Ethernet has evolved over the years to support faster data transfer rates and other improvements, such as Power over Ethernet (PoE) that allows devices to be powered through Ethernet cables. It is a reliable and cost-effective way to connect devices in a local network, making it a popular choice for businesses, homes, and other organizations.